Copyright+&+Creative+Commons



**Copyright and Fair Use ** toc =Class Overview = In this workshop, you will learn how Copyright and Creative Commons will help you as an educator become aware of the rules and laws regarding copyright and "fair use". This session will help you understand what Creative Commons is and how you can use the free resources that the "Creative Commons" license for music, photos, books and other media has to offer.

**Objectives** After completing this session, you will:
 * 1) Understand the basics of Copyright and Fair Use
 * 2) Understand how schools can reduce the risk of copyright infringement
 * 3) Understand what Creative Commons is and its benefits within the classroom.

**ISTE Standards** This module will help teachers accomplish the following standards:

I. Technology Operations and Concepts. Teachers demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts. Teachers: B. demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies. II. Planning and Designing Learning Environments and Experiences. Teachers plan and design effective learning environments and experiences supported by technology. Teachers: C. identify and locate technology resources and evaluate them for accuracy and suitability. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">D. plan for the management of technology resources within the context of learning activities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">E. plan strategies to manage student learning in a technology-enhanced environment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">III. Teaching, Learning, and the Curriculum <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers implement curriculum plans, that include methods and strategies for applying technology to maximize student learning. Teachers: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A. facilitate technology-enhanced experiences that address content standards and student technology standards. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">C. manage student learning activities in a technology-enhanced environment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">IV. Assessment and Evaluation <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective assessment and evaluation strategies. Teachers: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">B. use technology resources to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate findings to improve instructional practice <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">and maximize student learning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">C. apply multiple methods of evaluation to determine students' appropriate use of technology resources for learning,communication,and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">productivity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">V. Productivity and Professional Practice <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers use technology to enhance their productivity and professional practice. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">B. continually evaluate and reflect on professional practice to make informed decisions regarding the use of technology in support of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">student learning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">C. apply technology to increase productivity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">VI. Social, Ethical, Legal, and Human Issues <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal, and human issues surrounding the use of technology in PK-12 schools and apply those principles in practice. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A. model and teach legal and ethical practice related to technology use. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">D. promote safe and healthy use of technology resources.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Key Terms** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Copyright** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Is a set of [|exclusive rights] granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. The [|exclusive rights] are however balanced for public interest purposes with [|limitations and exceptions] to the [|exclusive right] - such as [|fair dealing] and [|fair use]. (Retrieved from Wikipedia on Nov. 2, 2010. [])

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Fair Use** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The concept of "fair use" derives from Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 and provides some exemptions for the reproduction and distribution of copyrighted materials for purposes that might include teaching, research, news reporting, criticism, comment, and scholarship. Some, but not all,academic uses of copyrighted materials might be considered fair use.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Classroom Use** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Teachers may display or perform any lawfully obtained material within a classroom designed for face-to-face education without needing to obtain permission. This does not mean teachers can reproduce or distribute materials. The TEACH Act specifically extends these exemptions for on-line and distace education with a few limitations.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Creative Commons** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Is an alternative to traditional copyright licensing. Founded by a group of cyber law and intellectual property experts, Creative Commons provides a licensing scheme whereby copyright owners choose the terms under which they will allow use of their copyrighted works and make that choice known via the use of easily identifiable logos. (Bissonett A., 2009)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Public Domain** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">When a work is in the public domain, it is available to anyone for any use. An author can choose to put a work in the public domain by labeling it "public domain". Also, all copyrighted works enter the public domain after a period of time. When this happens, copyright no longer applies,and permission is not needed to use these works.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Copyright Authorization: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Information obtained from the book, //Cyber Law//: //Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms//, was used with written authorization from the author, Aimee M. Bissonette, J.D. obtained on October 29, 2010. (Note to facilitators: A PDF copy of this authorization is stored in the "Images and Files" area of this course.)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Bissonett, A. (2009). Copyright Law in the Classroom: Steering Clear of Legal Liability. In A. Bissonett, //Cyber Law: Maximizing Saftety and Minimizing Risk in Classroom// (pp. 59-71). Thousand Oaks: Corwin.

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Copyright Law and Fair Use Overview =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"U.S. Copyright law affects schools in a multitude of ways. Increased opportunities for copyright violations (called infringement) arise when computers, digital recording devices, digital cameras, and the Internet are used by students and teachers because of the ease with which others' copyrighted material can be accessed, copied, and reused.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Many educational uses of copyrighted material fall within the fair-use exception to copyright, a portion of the statute that provides for use of some copyrighted materials without permission, but the mere fact that students and teachers are using copyrighted works in educational settings does not, in itself, exempt them from liability under copyright law. A great deal of information on the Internet is protected by copyright, and contrary to popular belief, there is no blanket exception under copyright law for educational uses of that information." (Bissonett, 2009)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copyright Law and Fair Use Guidelines are becoming a very important part of education today. Copyright Law includes, but is not limited to, rules for making print copies and showing videos in the classroom. Also, many students and teachers are creating multimedia presentations that incorporate digital images and audio clips. While these additions make the presentations more enjoyable and interesting, there are many guidelines that educators need to be aware of before using these enhancements.

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Let's Take a Closer Look at Copyright** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Definition of Copyright <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">In the United States, copyright law protects the authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. The law grants copyright holders the exclusive right to reproduce, perform, distribute, translate and publicly display their original works. It is unlawful for anyone to violate any of the rights provided by copyright law to the owner of a copyright. (Library of Congress, 2010)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Simply stated, this means that unless your situation meets one of the exceptions outlined in the Copyright Act, //**you must get explicit permission from the copyright holder before you can lawfully reuse, reproduce or redistribute a copyright protected work**// – even within the walls of your institution.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copyrighted works do not lose their copyright protection when they are posted to the Internet (e.g. music files, YouTube videos, Facebook photographs), something that can be difficult for students to understand. The right to display or to perform a copyrighted work belongs solely to the copyright owner (See the ASCAP scenario #3 found on the page titled [|"Examples of Copyright Viloations (Infringements)]" on the menu table.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Common Ways Students and Teachers Infringe on Others' Copyrights
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">They photocopy others' written works or drawings.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">They publicly perform copyrighted works without permission or paying a licensing fee.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">They download documents or images from the Internet.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">They post others' written or graphic works to their own Web site or use them in their own presentations or multimedia projects.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Doing any of these things without the permission of the copyright owner may constitute infringement for which both the student or teacher //and the school// can be held liable. As the scenarios found on the page titled [|"Examples of Copyright Viloations (Infringements)]", fines for infringement can run into the thousands of dollars.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">//Disclaimer:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The information in this module should not be considered legal advice. The intent of this module is to present the guidelines currently available to educators regarding copyright law and fair use.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">//References:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Bissonett, A. M. (2009). Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms. In A. M. Bissonett, //Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms// (pp. 59-71). Thousand Oaks: Corwin.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The Library of Congress. (2010, September 27). //Copyright.// Retrieved October 29, 2010, from U.S. Copyright Office: []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The Copyright Clearance Center. (2008). //The Campus Guide to Copyright Compliance//, Retrieved November 3, 2010, [].

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Copyright Authorization: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Information obtained from the book, Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms, was used with written authorization from the author, Aimee M. Bissonette, J.D. obtained on October 29, 2010. (Note to facilitators: A PDF copy of this authorization is stored in the "Images and Files" area of this course.)

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**A look at Fair Use** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Explanation of Fair Use <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Fair use is a concept embedded in U.S. law that recognizes that certain uses of copyright-protected works do not require permission from the copyright holder or its agent. These include instances of minimal use that do not interfere with the copyright holder's exclusive rights to reproduce and reuse the work.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">__Fair use is not an exception to copyright compliance__; it is more of a "legal defense." That is, if you copy and share a copyright-protected work and the copyright holder claims copyright infringement, you may be able to assert a defense of fair use which you would then have to prove.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Fair use is primarily intended to allow the use of copyright-protected works for commentary, parody, news reporting, research and education. __However, not all uses in an academic context are automatically considered fair use.__

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Copyright Act does not spell out the specific types of content reproduction that qualify as fair use. It offers an outline as to how to analyze whether fair use may apply in a particular situation. As a result, the Copyright Act leaves it up to the individual to determine, based upon the factors in Section 107 of the Act, whether fair use applies in each particular circumstance. To avoid a potential legal challenge from the copyright holder, many institutions follow a policy of **"when in doubt, obtain permission."**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">So, if someones asks, "What is Fair Use?" <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Isn't fair use available as a defense to a lot of infringing activity in the educational arena? The answer is, "it depends." Fair Use often can be asserted in educational settings. In determining whether a use of someone else's copyrighted work without their permission qualifies as a fair use under the copyright law, four factors must be evaluated:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Four Factors Used to Determine Fair Use
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The **purpose** for which the work is used (nonprofit, teaching, and research uses generally are allowed, whereas commercial uses generally are not.)
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The **nature** or characteristics of the work (The use of published or nonfiction works generally is favored over the use of unpublished or fictional, highly creative works because, in the case of the latter, the author either did not agree to share the work publicly via publication or the highly creative nature of the work makes it more unique than a collection of facts that could be amassed by any researcher.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The **amount and substantiality** of the work used (which includes an evaluation of the quality and the quantity of the work used, so using large portions of a work or portions of the work that are considered key or central to the work is not permitted.)
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The **effect of the use on the marketability or value of the work** (If the use negatively affects the sale or value of the work, it is rarely allowed, so it is important to limit the number of copies made and to not engage in repeated or long-term use of the work without obtaining permission.)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">//Disclaimer:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The information in this module should not be considered legal advice. The intent of this module is to present the guidelines currently available to educators regarding copyright law and fair use.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">//References:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Bissonett, A. M. (2009). Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms. In A. M. Bissonett, //Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms// (pp. 59-71). Thousand Oaks: Corwin.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The Library of Congress. (2010, September 27). //Copyright.// Retrieved October 29, 2010, from U.S. Copyright Office: []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">The Copyright Clearance Center. (2008). //The Campus Guide to Copyright Compliance//, Retrieved November 3, 2010, [].

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">//Copyright Authorization:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Information obtained from the book, //Cyber Law//: //Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms//, was used with written authorization from the author, Aimee M. Bissonette, J.D. obtained on October 29, 2010. (Note to facilitators: A PDF copy of this authorization is stored in the "Images and Files" area of this course.)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Examples of Copyright Violations (Infringements):**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Example 1:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A school district in California was sued for making nearly 1,400 unauthorized copies of Adobe Photoshop and Microsoft Word and installing them on district computers. The law suit eventually settled out of court, with the school district paying a fine of $300,000 plus the cost of replacing the illegal copies districtwide, roughly $5 million.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Example 2:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A Texas school administrator made 300 copies of multiple pages from a book and distrubuted them at a districwide meeting. The administrator was warned against making the copies without permission but did so anyway. The publisher of the book was made aware of the copying and sent cease-and desist letters to the administrator and the superintendent and demanded payment in an amount equal to 300 copies of the book, which reportely was $15,000.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Example 3:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), the organization that represent the interests of songwriters, sent a mailing to 6,000 Girl Scout camps demanding payment of performance royalties by scouts for singing copyrighted songs at camp. Included in the mailing was a schedule of fees that went as high as $1,400 for large, year-round camps. ASCAP argued that singing any of its more than 4 million copyrighted songs without payment of royalties constituted unauthorized performance of copyrighted works by the scouts. When news of ASCAP's demands hit the mainstream media, ASCAP quickly backed off of its legal claim.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Additional Examples of Copyright Case Law:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Wikipedia offers many more example of Copyright Case Law in other jurisdictions. Here is the link: []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copyright Infringement Cases Can Teach Us To Obey Copyright Laws: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Copyright and Fair Use Charts** =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|Copyright and Fair Use Guide for Teachers]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|Fair Use Chart for Teachers]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|Classroom Copyright and Fair Use Chart]

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Various Citation Information** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">APA Style
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">@http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ - Purdue Online Writing Lab
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Golden Gate University APA Reference List
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Harvard Graduate School of Education: Using APA Style [|(PDF)]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Trexler Library
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - University of Maryland - APA Examples
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - LaGuardia Community College
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - EU Library
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Texas A&M University Library

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Both APA and MLA Style <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - from SIRS Database

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">MLA Style
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">@http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ - Purdue Online Writing Lab
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - MLA Citation Handout (7th edition)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Texas A&M University Library

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Activities to Use in the Classroom** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Here is a list of possible activities that classroom teachers can use to teach students about Copyright Law and the Fair Use Guidelines.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The teacher will prepare a lesson about Copyright Law and the Fair Use Guidelines. The students will discuss why this lesson is important. The teacher will then divide the students into small groups. Each group will be presented with a scenario (similar to the ones found on the "Test Your Understanding - Scenarios" page; link found on the menu) that is relevant to that particular class/grade level.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">There are many resources available for free that are no longer copyrighted. These items are in the public domain. Listed below (on the “Additonal Links and other Resources” page) are several links that will direct you to various books, images, and music that are in the public domain. After leading a discussion about public domain, the teacher can direct the students to examine one of the public domain websites. One site that is very well constructed is the Discovery Clipart site ([]). After the students have looked at the type of artwork available, the teacher will direct them to the Copyright and Use Information page for Discovery Clipart ([]copyright.html). A link is provided at the bottom of the Discovery Clipart homepage, also. The students should read and discuss the guidelines for using the Discovery Clipart. Most public domain websites have information pages similar to the Discovery Clipart page. Students should be reminded to locate the copyright information page in order to properly cite the image, text, or audio they plan to incorporate into a project.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">After a discussion about the importance of following copyright law, the teacher will have the students read and discuss a high school cheating pamphlet that is currently in use at Lakeview High School in Battle Creek, Michigan, and then design a brochure of their own. ([]).


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To teach young students about copyright, the teacher should lead a discussion about owning property. The students will agree that if someone takes a valued toy, book, stuffed animal, etc. the owner would be very upset. Then, the teacher can explain how it is important to give credit to an author, illustrator or musician if using work from that person. A young student can be taught that it is not right to copy a story or picture from a book and then, tell everyone he/she created it. This lesson could be done prior to beginning a mini-research project.

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Video on Copyright and Fair Use** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Video - Overview of Copyright and Fair Use

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Test Your Understanding - Scenarios =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Take a look at a few possible scenarios, and try to determine if the use is fair or not. Read all three scenarios and then discuss with a partner whether or not the situations falls under fair use. Justify your answers.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//** No peeking! We will look at the answers together. **//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18.4px;">**Scenario 1:**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A student in an elementary classroom is working on a project about the tundra. He is creating a PowerPoint presentation to share with the class. The student finds four pictures in a library book that he plans to scan and include in the presentation. He also wants to incorporate some photographs from various websites. At the end of the presentation, the student makes a slide that gives the proper credit for all the illustrations. The student does such a wonderful job that the classroom teacher wants to post the project on the school webpage.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18.4px;">**Scenario 2:**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A student in an English class is creating a poetry multimedia project. She includes several original poems and two of her favorite poems written by Naomi Nye. The student decides to add music to her presentation and includes 30 seconds from the theme for the movie Legends of the Fall. Her presentation is very creative. She does not cite her sources within multimedia project.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18.4px;">**Scenario 3:**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Four students work together to create a movie about famous artists. The students follow the fair use guidelines in determining how many images they are allowed to use. They write original text for the audio portion. When the project is presented, the other students in the class ask for a copy of the movie.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Finished? <span class="wiki_link_ext">Now let's take a look at the answers together.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Answers to Scenarios **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">// Scenario 1: // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A student in an elementary classroom is working on a project about the tundra. He is creating a PowerPoint presentation to share with the class. The student finds four pictures in a library book that he plans to scan and include in the presentation. He also wants to incorporate some photographs from various websites. At the end of the presentation, the student makes a slide that gives the proper credit for all the illustrations. The student does such a wonderful job that the classroom teacher wants to post the project on the school webpage.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**ANSWER & EXPLANATION:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**The student has followed all the fair use guidelines correctly. However, the teacher cannot post the PowerPoint presentation on the webpage, unless it is password protected. If permission is granted for using each of the illustrations, then the project could be posted.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">// Scenario 2: // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A student in an English class is creating a poetry multimedia project. She includes several original poems and two of her favorite poems written by Naomi Nye. The student decides to add music to her presentation and includes 30 seconds from the theme for the movie Legends of the Fall. Her presentation is very creative. She does not cite her sources within multimedia project.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**ANSWER & EXPLANATION:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**The student correctly followed the guidelines for the amount of poetry and music included. However, her project did not follow fair use guidelines since she did not give credit to the poetry and music copyright holders.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">// Scenario 3: // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Four students work together to create a movie about famous artists. The students follow the fair use guidelines in determining how many images they are allowed to use. They write original text for the audio portion. When the project is presented, the other students in the class ask for a copy of the movie.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**ANSWER & EXPLANATION:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">If the students agree to make copies of the presentation for their classmates, they will not be following fair use guidelines. Only the students involved in creating the project are allowed to have a copy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Free Online, Interactive Tutorials and Quizzes on Copyright Law That Can Be Used by Students, Staff, and Teachers**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1. University of Maryland's Copyright Primer (including an interactive 21 question quiz) at: []. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Note: it will require you to enter your e-mail address and position. Then you will be given access.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2. University of Texas's Crash Course in Copyright at [|http://wwwutsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/cprtindx.htm]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3. Minnesota State Colleges and Universities' Copyright Website (including "check your understanding" scenarios about educational copyright issues) at []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Additional Video on Copyright**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> [|Video - Fair(y) Use Tale (Stanford University)]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Useful Websites about Copyright Law and Fair Use Guidelines**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Association of Research Libraries: Know Your Copy Rights guide/form <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Copyright and Intellectual Property, Minnesota State Colleges & Universities <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - document from the U.S. Copyright Office – includes a link in Spanish <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - easy to read chart summarizing fair use <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - fair use checklist <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - copyright quiz <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - answers to above copyright quiz <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - article from Education World <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - article from Educational Leadership <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - article from techLearning <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - article from techLearning <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - article from Electronic School <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - excellent worksheet to use with elementary age students <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - Oregon education service district copyright guideline manual <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - educational use of music

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Public Domain Websites**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm] - chart explaining public domain <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - books available on the public domain <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/~spjvweb/cfimages.html] - links to many public domain images sites <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - public domain photographs <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] – large listing of public domain items <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] - large collection of free clip art

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**What is Creative Commons?** =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Aimee M. Bissonette, author of Cyber Law: Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in the classrooms, does a wonderful job of answering this question and how it relates to the field of education.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">In their efforts to reduce the risk of infringement, schools should also acquaint students teachers, and staff with Creative Commons licensing. Creative Commons is an alternative to traditional copyright licensing. Founded by a group of cyber law and intellectual property experts, Creative Commons provides a licensing scheme whereby copyright owners choose the terms under which they will allow use of their copyrighted works and make that choice known via the use of easily identifiable logos.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copyright owners who are willing to share their works with others can choose from several different Creative Commons licensing levels (attribution, noncommercial, no derivatives, and share alike). In doing so, they can offer some rights to their copyrighted works to the public without risk of giving up other rights. Student, teachers, and staff can seek out and use copyrighted works licensed under Create Commons without fear of infringement because Creative commons allows them to know, at a glance, which works they are free to use and under what conditions.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**How does Creative Commons Impact Teachers in the Classroom?**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Creative Commons licensing reduces the risk of copyright infringement in the classroom because, as long as the copyright owners' Creative Commons terms are honored, there is not a need to seek permission to use a copyrighted work or to worry about whether use of the work falls within the fair use exception to the copyright law. Users only need to contact copyright owners for permission to use certain works if their proposed use is not a permitted use under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Copyright Authorization: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Information obtained from the book, //Cyber Law//: //Maximizing Safety and Minimizing Risk in Classrooms//, was used with written authorization from the author, Aimee M. Bissonette, J.D. obtained on October 29, 2010. (Note to facilitators: A PDF copy of this authorization is stored in the "Images and Files" area of this course.)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 60%;">Bissonett, A. (2009). Copyright Law in the Classroom: Steering Clear of Legal Liability. In A. Bissonett, //Cyber Law: Maximizing Saftety and Minimizing Risk in Classroom// (pp. 59-71). Thousand Oaks: Corwin.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Introduction Videos for Creative Commons:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|What is CC?] (6:35 mins)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|"Creative Commons: What Every Teacher Needs to Know"] (19:55 mins) posted on the K-12 Online Conference
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Another link to [|"Creative Commons: What Every Teacher Needs to Know" (19:55 mins) on SlideShare]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">** Let's Go to Creative Commons **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Find Licensed Works
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Flickr - Creative Commons License Explanation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The different Creative Commons Licenses
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Creative Commons Logos and other Downloads

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.8px;">**Additional Resources to Help Share Creative Commons in the Classroom**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Creative Commons in the Classroom Guide (View guide online) This guide was originally produced by the Swedish National Agency for Education and it service Swedish Link Library. Also available in [|PDF].
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">For more information visit Rod Lucier's Blog titled - The Clever Sheep: Creative Commons Collaboration.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Why Creative Commons Licenses for Education?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">**Public Domain, Copyright Free, Open Source, and Student Use Images and Media**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Large Image Resources and Indexes**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copryight-Free Photo Archives - 27,000 images from NASA, NOAA, and FWS

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">DHD Multimedia Gallery (Selection of images, sounds, etc.)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Free Foto

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Free Images - 2500 stock photos (most free, some members only)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|http://www.freeimages.co.uk/] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Free Stock Photos

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Imagesafter (Hi-res images, photos, & textures)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">MorgueFile (Some are free for students to use in projects, but not copyright-free)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Pics4Learning - great for general topics

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Smithsonian Institution's Office of Imaging and Photographic Services

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Photo Resources** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">ARS (Agricultural Research Service) Image Gallery

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Art Images for College Teaching (AICT) by A. T. Kohl

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Coin Page

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Free Public Domain Images - small collection

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Great Images in NASA

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">JSC Digital Image Collection (NASA) - seach or browse 9000 NASA images

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">NASA Multimedia Gallery (Images, video, and interactive features)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Photo Gallery

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Photo Library - search 20,000 NOAA images

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Planetary Photojournal from NASA

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Public Health Image Library (PHIL) from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">US Fish and Wildlife Service: Pictures/Graphics

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Clip Art Resources** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Animation Factory (3D animations and clipart)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Awesome Clipart for Kids, Teacher & Family

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Clip Art Connection

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Clip Art Gallery from DiscoverySchool

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Graphic Maps

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Page Resource (backgrounds, dividers, images, and links)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Images on Specific Topics** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Abraham Lincoln - 5 pictures

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Images from the History of Medicine (IHM) from National Library of Medicine

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Images of American Political History

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Map Collections: 1500-2003 from American Memory, Library of Congress

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Moving Image Archive from Internet Archive

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Text Resources** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Project Gutenberg (electronic texts)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Stories and Characters That Have Had Their Copyright Expire

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Music** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Links to Search for PD Music and Lyrics

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Few Other Sources With Varying Restrictions** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The following sites contain some photographsand/or that may also require payment or permission for use. Read the copyright sections at each site to determine exact restrictions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">American Memory from the Library of Congress

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Free Photographs

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">iStockphoto (Read the Introduction section to learn more about their download credit system)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">NASA Image eXchange (NIX)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">NetVet (Links-site to collections with varying restrictions of use)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">New York Public Library Picture Collection Online

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Collection of 30,000 digitized images from books, magazines and newspapers as well as original photographs, prints and postcards, mostly created before 1923.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Issues** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">You should go directly to the original source and obtain your own copy of the public domain image rather than copying a copy. You do not have the right to modify the work of the copyright owner without permission.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**Special Care** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Some companies such as Disney are particularly concerned about their trademarks and logos. Be aware of these companies. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Images and the Law

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[|http://www.pdimages.com/web9.h] [|tm]